Dr. Henry "Hank" Pym is the first character to take on the Yellowjacket codename in the modern mainstream Marvel Comics. He was also known as Ant-Man, Giant-Man, and Goliath. The character has been associated with several superhero teams in the Marvel Universe, including the Avengers and the Defenders. He later gives up the mantle and mentors Scott Lang as the new Ant-Man.

Rita DeMara is the second character to take on the Yellowjacket codename in the modern mainstream comics. She debuted as a supervillainess, joining the supervillain groups known as the Masters of Evil and the Femizons. DeMara later became a superheroine and joined the ranks of the Avengers and the Guardians of the Galaxy. She was killed by the supervillain Immortus, but was later resurrected in the Chaos War storyline.